Niobium and tantalum have similar properties. Like tantalum niobium is a body-centered cubic, soft and ductile metal which can be worked and machined easily if it shows no impurities.
Niobium has a high melting point 2470 ℃, and consequently very low vapour pressures and low evaporation rates at high temperatures.
The superconductivity of niobium is worth mentioning. If niobium is cooled down below -264℃, its electrical resistance disappears. -264℃ is the highest transition temperature of superconductivity of all pure metals.
The mechanical properties of niobium are influenced by small amounts of interstitially dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen or carbon: the hardness and the tensile strength get larger whereas the elongation gets smaller.
Niobium and the niobium alloy have very similar physical properties. Alloying niobium with 1% zirconium increases the strength of niobium and decreases slightly its elongation. The increased strength is very advantageous especially at high temperatures. The tensile strength of the alloy niobium at 1000℃ is twice as high as that of unalloyed niobium.
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