Molybdenum and TZM are usually forged in the temperature regime of 2300 to 1600 F( 1260 to 870 ℃). Billets or bars may be heated in the ordinary gas-fired or oil-fired furnaces found in commercial forge shops. There are no “critical” temperatures for unalloyed molybdenum or TZM; there need be no concern of overheating the metal, and forging can usually be continued at as low a temperature as the hammer remains effective. Some hammer forging operations have been performed at maximum temperatures near 1400 F(760 ℃).

Although molybdenum oxidizes rapidly at these temperatures in oxidizing atmospheres of oil-fired and gas-fired furnaces, as it does in air, no scale is formed and the properties of the metal are not affected. Billets and workpieces will, of course, lose weight during heating; the loss of weight will depend upon the temperaturer of the furnace, the concentration of oxygen in the furnace atmosphere, and the time that the metal is held in furnace. The forge shop should be prepared for loses of weight of 1 to 5% due to oxidation during the forging of a molybdenum part.

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