Riveting is the best method of joining brittle refractory metals. It is a sure and simple method by which different materials can be joined. This advantage can outweigh the disadvantages, eg the need for more material and the inability to produce a tight seal. Tightness can be achieved anyway by flame-or plasma-spraying the joint with molybdenum.
Brazing
Pure metal brazes(eg Ni, Cu, Pd, Pt, Ti, Zr, V) are recommended for brazing temperatures between 1100 and 1900℃(1373 and 2173 K) whilst alloy brazes are used for liquidus temperatures between approx. 1000 and 1300℃. Mo-B and Mo-Ru are suitable high-temperature brazes with a liquidus temperature of 1900℃(2173K). If the brazing temperature does not exceed 1100℃(1373K) the hardness of TZM achieved by coldworking can be entirely maintained.