Refractory Metals’ Applications
Refractory metals refer to the metals whose melting point is higher than 1650 ℃ and have some reserves. The followings are some refractory metals’ applications:

The most important advantage of refractory metals is good high temperature strength. Refractory metals have excellent corrosion resisting property to molten alkali metal and vapour. The main disadvantage of refractory metals is bad high temperature oxidation resistance.

Before 1940s, refractory metals were produced by powder metallurgy. Between the late 1940s to the early 1960s, due to the development of space technology and atomic energy technology, with the application of self consumable electro-arc furnace, electron bombardment furnace and other metallurgy technologies, they promoted the research and development of high temperature resistant materials including refractory metals and metals which even can be used in 1093 to 2360 degree Celsius or higher temperatures. After 1960s, although refractory metals were restricted in space industry because of poor oxidation resistance, refractory metals were widely applied in metallurgy, chemical industry,  light source, electronic, machinery and other industries.

① Refractory metals can be used as additives for iron and steel, nonferrous metal alloys. The amount of molybdenum and niobium used in this aspect occupies about 4/5 of their total applying amount;

② Refractory metals are used for manufacturing cutting tools, mining tools, moulds and other hard metals. Tantalum, niobium and molybdenum are also important components of hard metals;

③ Refractory metals are also applied as filament, cathode, capacitors,  contact materials of electronic, electric light source and electrical equipments. In addition, refractory metals also can be used in the manufacture of corrosion resistant parts in chemical industry, heating element of high temperature and high vacuum, heat shield, radiation protection, welding electrode and others.

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