The corrosion resistance performance of niobium
In general, the corrosion resistance of niobium is higher than titanium and zirconium, but lower than tantalum. Due to the price of niobium is lower than tantalum, in some corrosion media. It's available to use niobium to substitute the expensive tantalum. Meanwhile, the proportion of niobium just only accounts for 1/2 of tantalum. Under the same size, it can reduce the product cost, and achieve the corrosion resistance effect.
Niobium will begin to oxidize  in the air 230℃, and it will begin to have strong oxidation in the air 310℃. When the air temperature is more than 400 ℃, the oxidation film will be damaged and drop,  and this will greatly accelerate the oxidation rate. Niobium will begin to nitride in the air 600℃. Hydrogen will be  absorbed in 260--950℃, so the welding and heat treatment of niobium should be carried out in the vacuum or inert gas protection.
The purity of argon used in welding with the inert gas protection can not below 99.99%. The weld pool site should have the protection of inert gas, but it's better  cool it down in niobium welding, because there isn't the inert gases in the air 200℃.
Niobium is mainly used in strong acid medium, but it has not corrosion resistance in hydrofluoric acid, hot concentrated sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide medium, so we should use it carefully in these medium.
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